جدید علمی تغیرات اور اسلامی تصورِ علم: وحی اور انسانی فہم کے باہمی تعلق کا مطالعہ

Modern Knowledge Transformations and Islamic Epistemology: An Analytical Inquiry into the Interplay between Revelation and Human Understanding

Abstract

This research examines the reconfiguration of Islamic epistemology in the face of contemporary knowledge paradigm shifts, specifically focusing on the dialectical relationship between Revelation (Waḥy) and Human Understanding (Fahm). The 21st-century epistemic landscape, characterized by empirical materialism, value-neutrality, and human-centered rationality, poses significant challenges to the traditional Islamic frameworks that integrate the metaphysical with the physical. This study argues that the equilibrium between absolute Revelation and evolving human intellect cannot be maintained through purely defensive or apologetic stances. Instead, it necessitates a robust "Epistemic Ground" that recognizes Revelation as the ultimate criterion while incorporating modern empirical insights as "supporting contexts" (Qarā’in). Utilizing an analytical and descriptive methodology, the research explores how classical frameworks, such as Uṣūl al-Fiqh and Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah, can interact with modern socio-scientific shifts without compromising their foundational integrity. The study concludes that the resilience of Islamic epistemology in a postmodern era lies in an "epistemic mediation" that bridges the gap between the absolute and the historical, allowing for a creative synthesis that addresses contemporary challenges while remaining anchored in divine guidance.