الصور البلاغية في قصيدة البردة للبوصيري؛ دراسة بلاغية تحليلية

Rhetorical Aspects in the Poem of "Al-Burdah" by Al-Būṣīrī: An Analytical Rhetorical Study

Abstract

"Al-Burdah," a poetic masterpiece crafted by Sharaf Al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Saʿīd Al-Ṣanhājī Al-Būṣīrī, stands as a testament to the artistic prowess and religious devotion of its creator. This renowned Arabic poem, titled "Al-Kawākib Al-Durriyyah Fī Madḥ Khayr Al-Bariyyah," has garnered immense admiration for its exceptional use of rhetorical devices, profound religious themes, and enduring impact on readers. The last set of 43 couplets within "Al-Qaṣīdah Al-Burdah" offers an exquisite display of Al-Būṣīrī's command over various rhetorical devices, with simile taking center stage. Through carefully crafted comparisons, the poet skillfully equates the physical and moral attributes of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to awe-inspiring natural phenomena, such as the sun, moon, and stars. These vivid and evocative similes serve to emphasize the Prophet's greatness and leave an indelible impression on the reader's imagination, amplifying the poem's beauty and spiritual significance. Repetition, a powerful literary technique, assumes a pivotal role in "Al-Burdah," particularly evident in the refrain that concludes each stanza. Deliberate repetition reinforces the central themes of the poem, lending it a rhythmic and melodic quality that captivates the reader's senses. This rhythmic repetition not only enhances the overall aesthetic appeal of the poem but also serves to elevate the Prophet's virtues and magnify his impact on humanity. The poem further employs rhetorical questions, hyperbole, and irony to effectively convey its message and engage the reader's attention. Rhetorical questions, strategically interspersed throughout the verses, encourage contemplation and introspection, inviting readers to delve into the profound religious and moral themes embedded within the poem. Hyperbole, an intentional exaggeration, is employed to emphasize the Prophet's virtues, exalting him to superlative heights and underscoring his unparalleled status. Irony, skillfully woven into the fabric of the poem, adds layers of depth and complexity, encouraging readers to explore multiple interpretations and appreciate the multifaceted nature of the Prophet's character. Beyond its artistic merits, "Al-Burdah" holds tremendous religious and cultural significance. It serves as a profound expression of devotion and praise for Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), eliciting a sense of reverence and admiration from readers across generations. The poem has garnered widespread acclaim, not only among scholars and poets but also within ordinary Muslim communities, who continue to recite and revere its verses. Its enduring popularity and influence are a testament to its ability to forge a deep and lasting connection between the reader and the subject matter. So, this article aims to examine the artistic value and significance of the second set of 43 couplets in "Al-Qaṣīdah Al-Burdah," providing insights into the remarkable artistic status of this widely celebrated Qaṣīdah.